The teachings of the Angel
Occam's razor: inference 4
Postulate: the spin is a constant interaction with quantum fields,
which results in the creation of pairs with half-integer spin
Arguments:
The inference presented here considers that the properties of particles (charge, magnetism, color, spin, etc.) originate from quantum fields and not from the particles themselves (quantum field theory). This perspective offers a different view, explaining why spin has only two possible orientations that vary depending on the experiment (and are therefore due to the environment), or why the spin of matter requires a double spin, while still preserving the rules of special relativity. Indeed, until now we have no credible model that can explain the phenomenon of spin, and we see it as only one property of particles. This is what makes this article a breakthrough: offering the only credible explanation for this property!
However, it still needs to be verified by comparing it with mathematical models. Thus, this theory is only a sketch of what eludes us. It still needs to mature to move from "theory" (inference) to "scientific theory" (science = math/equations). Nevertheless, it allows us to better understand the process in order to grasp it more fully and thus guide our research. That is its sole purpose: to inspire!
Abstract:
Spin is an intrinsic quantum property, like mass, that defines angular momentum: an angular instant, that is, an angle that constantly recurs sequentially. In other words, a "rotation" that allows the particle to return to its initial state. It designates the nature of the form: boson or fermion? The properties are completely different: the boson (energy) is generally characterized by a 360° rotation, while the fermion (matter) requires two rotations, therefore 720°. Thus, energy, which has integer spin, is undifferentiated because it fits into the same space, but not half-integer spin (matter), which is subject to the Pauli exclusion principle, meaning that it is impossible for identical particles to be in the same place at the same time. Thus, in quantum mechanics, one concentrates and the other disperses.
Similarly, special relativity and the geometry of spacetime impose relativistic conditions and symmetries (rotation, translation, time and charges), but these are only respected by certain objects. Thus, neutrinos appear to rotate only left-handed (negative helicity), while their antimatter counterparts rotate right-handed (positive helicity). Yet, each should be able to rotate in both directions.
Nevertheless, at their fundamental level, particles are either scalar that are numbers (Higgs boson), vectors that are energy transfers (Gauge bosons), or spinors that are masses (fermions):
A number is always equal to itself. No matter how you look at it, from top to bottom or sideways, it is always the same number! This is why the zero rotation does not appear to "spin". This is the case with the Higgs boson.
The gauge boson is a vector, so it depends on a direction. This direction depends on a reference frame. By changing the reference frame, we change the orientation of the vector. The orientation only returns to the same after a complete rotation. This is why it is called whole integer spin (spin 1 & -1).
The fermion (matter) is more subtle; it is a spinor (good for spinning)! It has an interaction that gives it exotic properties: a 360° rotation transforms it into its opposite. Thus, it must rotate twice in the same sequence/frame to return to its initial state. This is why it is called half-integer spin (spin ½ & -½).
In short, spin represents a rotation, but it is not one! In classical physics, a rotation is a complete turn on itself, hence 360°. However, in quantum mechanics, this "rotation" is impossible. Indeed, a rotation with spin ½, therefore a complete rotation of 720°, is illusory. Furthermore, special relativity strongly opposes it because such a spin of the electron would exceed the speed of light!
So, what is the truth about spin? If we consider particles, it's a mystery, but if we consider quantum fields, quanta of energy (quantum field theory), and pair production (symmetry in interactions), it becomes clearer: spin is probably a constant interaction with quantum fields that leads to the production of opposite pairs with half-integer spins.
Literature Review:
From the perspective of quantum field theory, particles are merely perturbations in their respective quantum fields. These perturbations consist of energy adapted to their fields, evolving in specific quanta. Quantum fields allow these quanta to be stored in various forms (bosons, fermions) which can move or transform. These quanta of energy take the form of perturbations that activate/turn on the properties of their respective field, such as electromagnetism or nuclear charge. In our macro-reality, this results in moving particles!
Such is the electron: a quanta that moves by generating a perturbation in the electron field. This perturbation, through its energy (quanta), activates its field, which has specific properties. These properties influence the perturbation. Thus, it is guided by its own field, which is itself subject to another field: electromagnetism. These interactions between different quantum fields can force the quanta to orbit around an atomic nucleus. It is the properties of the different fields (which interact with each other) that determine the evolution of particles (quantum field theory).
Therefore, these quanta, or perturbations, do what their field tells them to do: either transform, move, orbit, etc., but they never disappear! Consequently, energy is constantly changing. The fine-tuning of the universe dictates how. However, it can also be preserved. Thus, it travels through fields that can only preserve or transform it. However, this energy disturbs these fields, forcing them to react to its passage. Thus, the respective quantum fields are activated in turn upon contact. And it is the properties of the activated fields that will initiate further interactions.
This is how mass is determined: the perturbed field interferes with the Higgs field, and depending on the reactivity of the field (its energy level), mass is established. Thus, the electron field reacts very little with this field; consequently, its mass is low: 0.511 MeV/cm², while a perturbation in the Z° boson field is much higher, giving it a mass of 91,187 MeV/cm²! However, these bosons do not remain. These are properties of the field in question and will always be respected. Thus, thanks to the mass, we can identify a field... and therefore the nature of the perturbation: electron quanta or Z° boson quanta?
It all depends on the field and therefore its properties. There are two main families: bosons and fermions. That is to say, quanta of energy transfer and mass, which is stable (matter). Bosons are generally not stable and do not last. Their only field that can conserve energy is the electromagnetic field. This is the cosmic microwave background: the preservation of energy, that of electromagnetism. Fermions have a more exotic nature, because they store energy in the form of a mass that remains indefinitely and also interacts. But mass introduces another phenomenon: inertia, that is, the difficulty of changing motion.
Fermions also create a new interaction : the contact ! This is due to the Pauli's exclusion principle which is based on an impossibility : energy that wanders in a same field of fermions cannot pass through itself, because its manifestations (quanta) cannot coexist in the same space at the same moment,... in short, not in the same space-time ! They must either take a different space-time, or change from fields, which is only possible after an interaction with the environment. So, quanta of fermions avoids passing through each other. They take different options : either cross or touch (bounce). This phenomenon brings contact. This contact allows other interactions to take over. These are magnetic and nuclear interactions. They provide pressure that increase the manifestations of this contact. The extreme is called degeneration pressure of matter. This one opposes the collapse due to gravity (white dwarfs, neutron stars).
The nature of a field also determines the properties of the energy that flows through it. If it is a fermion field, energy is conserved and transported. It does so according to the field's attributes, while simultaneously activating many other fields. The first field to be activated with a fermion field is the Higgs field. This one reacts immediatly according to the nature of the field that interacts with it. Thus, the interaction depends on the field considered which brings its own properties ! A probabilistic interaction in the other fields, but not in the Higg’s field. Indeed, this one is different : it is the only known field that is scalar. So it radiates equally in all directions. It is also the only field that does not have an anti-field because it does not reverse.
All other fields have their anti-fields with opposite properties. The best known are the anti-fields of fermions, which gives the antimatter. But there is also what is unknown, the black force,... which gives anti-fields of Gauge bosons ! (Cf. my article «Supersymmetry fails to explain dark matter while pair production symmetry is more accurate»)
However, the fields and anti-fields of fermions are in symbiosis. Thus, they interact with each other constantly, giving virtual particles. And as soon as the energy integrates a fermion field, it does so through both fields. Thus, a mass (matter) always appears with its opposite (antimatter), since fields and anti-fields of fermions are in symbiosis (linked to each other) by symmetry. Thus, it creates both mass in a field and in its anti-field ! This is a phenomenon of pair production. These opposite particles interact in the same way with the Higgs’ field, which is scalar. That is to say, this field has no opposite, so anti-mass. But, when fermions of opposite fields come into contact, they cancel each other out and transform. They go from fermion fields to bosons fields. So their mass is transformed into energy that is released.
Discussion:
It is not the quanta themselves that possess properties, but rather their quantum fields! Quanta simply obey the laws of conservation of energy (the first law of thermodynamics). This results in quantum jumps: the electron interacting with a photon disappears from an unsuitable orbit and immediately reappears in a more suitable one. The law of conservation of energy dictates that the quanta of the two fields combine and immediately transform into another quantum level corresponding to a more suitable field with unique properties, such as a different orbit. To comply with these rules, the interacting electron moves directly from one orbit to another. In reality, its perturbation is simply transported from one field to another, resulting in a change from one property (quanta/momentum/orbit) to another. This inevitably leads to other possible interactions. The concept revolves around interactions, conservation of energy, and fields, creating the effect of a jump.
Quanta have no dimensions, and therefore no rotations, since that which is dimensionless cannot rotate. They have no size; they are simply perturbations without precise coordinates that interact, transform, or travel/orbit. In doing so, their fields never cease to interact with their motion. Thus, in its journey, the perturbation acquires the properties of its own fields. One of these is its angular momentum; a local rotation within the field.
The perturbation itself does not rotate; it is the field that is bound to properties such as charge, magnetism, or spin. Consequently, it is not a rotation but an interaction between the quanta and its field that has the effect of "switching on" an angular phenomenon. This angular momentum is perpendicular to the motion of the perturbation, meaning it follows the particle's motion toward the future. In other words, its journey across the world line toward increasing complexity (the second law of thermodynamics).
Therefore, in its interaction, the traveling quanta initiates the angular momentum of the field to which it is bound. This imparts a rotation to the particle we perceive. Thus, the quanta moves in a direction that creates an axis of interaction with its field, and therefore also a direction to the rotation... while the environment (e.g., the way the magnets are positioned) defines two possible angles of interaction depending on the polarity.
Since the fields and antifields of the spinors are symmetrical (in contact), the energy activates both simultaneously: the quanta acquires the attributes of each field that interfere with its motion, which imparts the rotation of each of them to the matter (field + antifield), thus resulting in opposite spins at the same time! These double spins (360° and -360°) along the axis of movement (movement toward the future) will trigger magnetic phenomena.
This is comparable to the surface of water: it is unique for the spaces above and below, yet opposite at the same time. Therefore, a quanta moving through a fermion field sets off a possible spin wave along its path (field), but it also sets off its opposite wave on the other side of the symmetry surface (antifield). Thus, both spin and anti-spin accompany the fermion (matter), giving it a spin of ½.
Fields do not provide a well-defined reality in themselves, but rather overlapping realities. Well-defined realities arise from interactions with the macro-world. Nevertheless, quantum realities (which overlap) are "real," meaning they exist because they are possible, but moreover, these realities occur simultaneously, which offers surrealism! Thus, energy traveling through fields has no fixed position. Its movement through time results in possible superpositions.
Consequently, the quanta moves like a wave of probability of density at the quantum level (a wave), but it interacts with the macroscopic world as a single particle (wave function collapse) according to the properties of its field. Nevertheless, the wave function provides the first spatial geometries: isosurfaces. These offer new properties: contact! This contact leads to other interactions such as resistance. Finally, this results in solid bodies that are made up of waves of probability of density (quantum surrealism), but which offer only one interaction per particle at the same time.
However, interaction with the environment is based on a different probability ratio, in other words, on a different wave function! This arises from a fine-tuning of the fundamental forces governed by the macroscopic environment. Thus, interactions do not depend on a measurement, but only on the (macroscopic) environment, which defines possible realities. But this environment can impose a value (measurement) and reduce the range of possible realities (wave function collapse). Indeed, if the environment refers to one reality, the others become unrealistic and cannot appear!
In short, it is the interaction established with the macroscopic environment, according to the rules dictated by the fine-tuning, that determines our reality! This allows matter to evolve, and therefore to become more structurally complex (second law of thermodynamics).
Discoveries:
Spin is determined by the direction the particle takes, which gives it an axis, but also by the interaction angle due to the environment (how we position magnets or filters). Since quantum mechanics is an entanglement of events, depending on which event emerges, the spin can be either positive or negative, according to the parameters established by the axis of motion and the interaction angle. This results in opposing electromagnetic attributes.
In the case of a fermion, this is an illusory "rotation" of the particle. Depending on the case, a magnet attracts it in one direction or the other. In the case of a photon, it is an orientation of its electromagnetism. Depending on the case, a filter prevents it from passing through or not.
"Depending on the case" means that quantum mechanics comes into play to calculate the probabilities of all possible outcomes. This gives rise to probability waves, such as Young's double-slit experiment. So, a quanta is a form that moves like a wave but interacts like a particle (wave function collapse). It's a probability wave that interacts only once at a time, unlike ubiquity, which allows for multiple simultaneous interactions.
However, the information of a wave is incomplete; thus, we speak of superpositioned states. These are states without precise attributes or positions within a tangle of possibilities. It is upon "arrival" (interaction with the macroscopic world) that the particle defines its attributes, such as polarity or dynamism. However, these depend on the probabilities of quantum mechanics and its superpositions. They are organized according to a rate of interaction between the fundamental forces and the environment. This rate also depends on the fine-tuning of the universe and describes our reality!
This is spin in quantum fields: an interaction between a perturbation moving in one direction—that is, along the axis of future motion in the worldline—and a field whose specific properties provide angular momenta. These angular momenta overlap in different possible realities. They arise from circumstances dependent on the environment. Thus, it is the environment (macrostructure) that determines the possibilities of each reality.
Impossible or interfering realities cannot appear! Thus, once defined, spin becomes the only reality at any given moment. But as soon as the interactions change, other possibilities reappear. Consequently, we must redefine reality (spin) according to a probabilistic interaction.
Particles appear with different probabilities depending on their states. They are all simply superpositions in a general interaction of quantum realities. These realities overlap different events at the same time for the same particle. But it is the interaction with the macro-world that determines the reality common to all. An interaction arises from a field of probabilistic possibilities. It is this field of probability, dependent on interactions, that defines our reality. Thus, kineticism, dynamism, and rotation appear in our world (realism).
But not in the microcosm of quantum mechanics: we only see superpositions of perturbations in the fields (surrealism) that progress toward the future while maintaining their motion. This allows particles to move like waves in space. These waves of probability of density intertwine to define our reality. They are made up of superpositions of possible states of these perturbations. Probabilistic realities remain to interact with the environment, while impossibilities and interferences are eliminated with virtual particles.
Thus, real particles evolve through their angular motions and interactions. This gives them dynamism or frequency, but also angular momentum, that is, "rotations" that define polarity. This brings electromagnetic properties inherent to this motion: the matter particle acquires a north pole and a south pole at its extremities. Thus, it is similar to a magnet with a positive and a negative pole, but its orientation is arbitrarily balanced: it is random, yet fair. North is displayed in half the cases, while South is displayed in the other half.
Everything depends on the event that occurs during the interaction with a macrostructure, since the quantum realm is a universe where realities overlap. Thus, the event, which has become our reality, displays the spin orientation. This spin appears through the interactions between the particle and its field.
These interactions are considered along a single axis, the axis of displacement. This axis has a well-known vector, the direction vector. The direction reflects a movement toward the future (chronology). Thus, it is the movement of the particle (perturbation) in its field along the timeline that triggers the interaction known as "spin," and the phenomenon is angular!
This direction of motion also conceals the energy/momentum quadrector. Indeed, spin is linked to the same axis that affects length in relativity, that is, the axis of motion that must be maintained in all spacetimes (special relativity)! This movement toward the future is the world line that testifies the evolution. This displacement vector stimulates other phenomena, such as redshift.
Thus, it is the direction that determines the orientation of the spin. It is the only axis of rotation whose vector is considered by quantum mechanics. Therefore, it is the only axis that imparts a magnetic attribute to the moving particle. Even if other axes exist, it is decisive in itself. However, it is the interaction with a macrostructure that determines the angle that this vector (axis) provides. This can only display two possible realities defined by a macrostructure: the North and the South of the axis!
In short, matter is a "perturbation" that appears to rotate strangely: its quanta interacts symmetrically as it travels through space, triggering a double interaction; one with its field and the other with its antifield. Thus, the perturbation acquires a spin from each field, effectively doubling it. These are simultaneously opposite spins. It is this half-integer rotation attribute that reveals the properties of matter!
This quantum phenomenon has an impact on the physical world, as it triggers phenomena specific to magnetism. This allows the particle to mimic the behavior of a magnet. Consequently, electromagnetic interactions play with the spin attributes, forcing the particle to follow a magnetic or other current.
The current it follows corresponds to the spin defined during an interaction with a macrostructure. But it is probabilities that define the particle's attributes, such as its velocity, position, and rotation. These attributes will be preserved until another interaction with the environment (macroworld) forces the particle to change. Particles travel like probability waves. When probabilities are eliminated, their quantum realities cannot survive. Possible quantum realities are distinguished only by probabilistic interactions compiled one after another (chronology) and forming the wheel of time.
Thus, once an event is selected, it retains its properties such as its dynamism (speed) or its frequency (momentum). Indeed, all other quantum realities, being incompatible, are erased. Only the realities that retain movement, such as rotation, remain. They remain until the environment selects another event.
An event that must correspond to new interactions. It will create new possibilities, and therefore new quantum realities. Realities that manifest themselves through the laws of probability. They are based on predictable rates, eliminating those that are impractical and leaving only those that are feasible. They correspond to the mathematically possible versions of the universe and appear instantaneously (like quantum jumps).
The next interaction occurs with other events that cause the perturbation to travel or transform. These create new realities that preserve the kinetics, dynamism, and rotation of the perturbation. From a distance, this results in a particle moving like a wave. Until a new interaction occurs, forcing the perturbation to adopt a new state/behavior. This behavior causes the appearance of new quantum events, giving the progressing perturbation new possible attributes, and one of them emerges according to the laws of probability. This new reality prevails over the previous one, which disappears!
Thus, spin is redefined with this new interaction with the environment (macrostructure), and its reality will be preserved as long as the probabilities allow. But as soon as the macrostructure changes, the interactions also change... and therefore the probabilities as well! Either the same attribute returns (spin, velocity, etc.), or it's a different one.
The only exception is the Higgs boson, which has no angular motion. It's the only particle that doesn't have a direction vector because it's a scalar. With its rotation of 0, regardless of the viewing angle, it remains unperturbed. Thus, it has no "rotation," therefore no poles, and no electromagnetism. This is how perfect spheres are: they always have the same face. Consequently, it's impossible to distinguish an angle between them.
Conclusion:
The laws of physics are astonishing: they never make mistakes! They are based on logical yet harmonious mathematical principles. They are independent of time and place, but their very essence is altered. Quantum mechanics guarantees that all interactions occur as predicted. Thus, entangled perturbations have correlated polarities (EPR paradox). They are always strictly interconnected without any errors, or even information transfer, because some particles escape at speed c. Yet, their entangled spins remain constant despite speed and distance, without any hidden variables (Albert Einstein vs. Niels Bohr).
This is due to the principle of pair production. Whether these pairs are matter or mere attributes is irrelevant; whatever their nature, it is the same system! Pair creation is a universal symmetry that is independent of both time and distance. It is the universal version of the laws of physics. It states that every interaction has consequences. If these consequences are part of the laws of physics, regardless of distance, they are immediate. This is where we move from the law of "locality" to that of "universality," because while interactions are local, the creation of opposite pairs (symmetries) is universal!
Thus, the EPR paradox is not dependent on time or proximity but depends solely on interactions with the macroscopic environment (e.g., measuring instruments). Indeed, it is the interaction that determines the creation of a pair of attributes, a pair of particles linked by polarity in this case. Similarly, for moving fermions, it is a pair of antisymmetric spins (360° and -360°). The creation of pairs is part of the symmetries of space. Universal symmetries valid in all localities. Therefore, if an entangled spin is determined, its opposite must also appear, and when a half-integer spin propagates, its opposite must also travel… which means they travel together!
All these quantum interactions allow for the evolution of the energy that activated the universe 13.8 billion years ago. Since then, it has progressed through time toward increasing complexity due to the constant increase in its entropy.
Conflict of interest:
This theory is linked to a book: "The Origin of Matter." This book is part of an encyclopedia called "The Teachings of the Angel." This collection contains many theories, including the beginning of life in the second volume (The Origins of Life). Therefore, there is a conflict of interest: being right sells, while being wrong makes you look foolish! This can lead to unexpected blunders. That is why we must be cautious: because conflict is inevitable, information can only be validated if it is scientifically supported.
These informations come from this French book : the book of the evolution, part 1 : the origin of matter.
This volume explores the Dark Force, dark matter, and black holes, revealing the surprising complexity of the origin of matter. It explains the formation of galaxies from clouds, but also from supermassive black holes (quasars) thanks to dark matter. It also recounts the origin of the Milky Way, then the creation of the solar system. Next comes the story of the Earth and the Moon, with the arrival of water, comets, and meteors. This essay concludes with stories by Pascale Courtois, inspired by the book's teachings. Thus, young and old alike are entertained while enriching their knowledge and understanding.
How did the universe form? Many are looking for answers to this question. But these only happen in bits with scientific discoveries. Alas, between discovery and understanding, there is a long work. A work that is done here in order to explain the inexplicable. Thus this work teaches about the fundamental principles of the physical laws of the universe. It gives the point of view of general relativity about the Big Bang. However, this one is contradicted by quantum mechanics. The latter offers a completely different version of the beginnings of the universe, detailed here.